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1.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(5): 395-401, jun. 2010. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87735

RESUMO

Se han descrito diversas alteraciones moleculares en el melanoma. Los melanomas con mutaciones de BRAF suelen localizarse en zonas con exposición solar intermitente mientras que las alteraciones genéticas de KIT ocurren con mayor frecuencia en los melanomas acrales, mucosos y en los que se localizan en áreas con exposición solar crónica. Sorafenib, un inhibidor de BRAF, tiene un efecto citostático en la mayoría de los melanomas con mutaciones en la vía MAP cinasa, aunque en un pequeño subgrupo de estos melanomas es también capaz de promover la apoptosis. Imatinib, a través de la inhibición de KIT, posee un efecto citostático y citotóxico en aquellos melanomas con mutaciones de KIT, y probablemente en otro subgrupo de melanomas con otras alteraciones genéticas de KIT aún no perfectamente definidas. Para que estos tratamientos sean efectivos es imprescindible que se hayan seleccionado adecuadamente los pacientes, estableciéndose la existencia de alteraciones genéticas en la vía sobre la que se va a actuar (AU)


A number of molecular alterations have been described for melanoma. Melanomas with BRAF mutations tend to be located in areas of intermittent sun exposure, whereas melanomas with KIT mutations mostly appear in acral areas, the mucosas, and areas of chronic sun exposure. Sorafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, has a cytostatic effect on most melanomas with mutations affecting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and is also capable of triggering apoptosis in a small subgroup of these melanomas. By inhibiting KIT, imatinib has a cytostatic and cytotoxic effect on melanomas with KIT mutations, and probably has the same effect on another subgroup of melanomas with other as yet imperfectly understood KIT mutations. For therapy to be effective, agents should be selected according to the pathways associated with the genetic mutations present in the melanoma (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Genética/classificação , Genética/instrumentação , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/terapia , Apoptose , Apoptose/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/classificação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/fisiologia , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/uso terapêutico
2.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 96(4): 231-236, mayo 2005. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-037613

RESUMO

Introducción. La mastocitosis es un proceso hiperplásico caracterizado por la infiltración de diversos órganos y tejidos por mastocitos maduros. Se trata de una enfermedad que es más frecuente en la infancia, aunque también se dan casos en los adultos. Existen notables diferencias entre las formas de presentación de la mastocitosis del adulto y de la infancia, así como en su evolución y pronóstico. Material y métodos. En este trabajo describimos los hallazgos clinicopatológicos de 9 pacientes adultos con mastocitosis. Se comparan las características clínicas, evolutivas y genéticas de la mastocitosis del adulto con la mastocitosis infantil. Resultados. En contraste con la mastocitosis infantil, las lesiones cutáneas de la mastocitosis en adultos son muy monomorfas, y consisten en máculas y pápulas de menos de 1 cm de diámetro y coloración pardo-rojiza. La sintomatología es escasa y lo más habitual suele ser un discreto prurito. El signo de Darier es con gran frecuencia negativo. Además, las lesiones cutáneas no tienden a la regresión espontánea, que es lo habitual en el niño. Por último, la afectación sistémica en el adulto es prácticamente constante, con infiltración mastocitaria de la médula ósea en más del 90 % de los casos y afectación ósea en más del 50 % de los casos, mientras que en los niños la afectación sistémica es más rara. De todas formas, a pesar de que exista infiltración de órganos sistémicos en la mastocitosis de adultos, no suele existir sintomatología acompañante. La mutación del protooncogén c-kit consistente en la sustitución de Asp por Val en el codón 816, se encuentra casi constantemente en las mastocitosis del adulto y es menos frecuente en la mastocitosis infantil. Conclusiones. Todos estos hallazgos permiten separar la mastocitosis del adulto como una entidad clinicopatológica diferente de las mastocitosis infantiles


Introduction. Mastocytosis is a hyperplastic process characterized by the infiltration of different organs and tissues by mature mastocytes. It is more frequent in childhood, although cases also occur in adults. There are significant differences between the ways mastocytosis presents in adults and children, as well as in its development and prognosis. Material and methods. In this work, we describe the clinicopathological findings for 9 adult patients with mastocytosis. The clinical, evolutional and genetic characteristics of mastocytosis in adults are also compared to those of childhood mastocytosis. Results. In contrast with childhood mastocytosis, the skin lesions of adult mastocytosis are very monomorphous, and consist of macules and papules of less than 1 cm in diameter, brownish-red in color. There are few symptoms, and there is usually discrete pruritus. Darier’s sign is very often negative. Furthermore, the skin lesions do not tend to spontaneously regress, which is what usually occurs in children. Finally, systemic involvement in adults is practically a constant, with mastocyte infiltration of the bone marrow in over 90 % of cases, and bone involvement in over 50 % of cases, while systemic involvement is rarer in children. In any case, even if there is infiltration of systemic organs in adult mastocytosis, there are usually no accompanying clinical symptoms. The mutation of the c-kit proto-oncogene consists of the replacement of Asp with Val at codon 816, and this is nearly always found in adult mastocytosis. It is less frequent in childhood mastocytosis. Conclusions. All of these findings make it possible to classify adult mastocytosis as a separate clinicopathological entity from mastocytoses in children


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Mastocitose/diagnóstico , Mastocitose/genética , Mastocitose/terapia , Biópsia , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/análise , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/classificação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit , Mastocitose/classificação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/análise , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/genética
3.
Blood ; 88(10): 3887-93, 1996 Nov 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8916954

RESUMO

The allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a complex in vitro assay of T-cell recognition and responsiveness in which interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays a central role. We have previously demonstrated that c-kit ligand (KL) can enhance IL-2-induced proliferation in a subset of human natural killer cells expressing the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. In the present study, we asked whether KL could enhance IL-2-mediated T-cell proliferation in the allogeneic MLR. We demonstrate that the vast majority of activated human T-cell clones express the c-kit mRNA transcript. Binding studies performed on activated T cells with radioiodinated KL were consistent with the expression of a single class of c-kit receptors. The addition of exogenous KL to the MLR led to an increase in tritiated thymidine (3[H]-TdR) incorporation in the absence of other exogenous cytokines, and did so in a dose-dependent fashion. A reproducible increase in 3[H]-TdR incorporation was noted at concentrations of KL, which approximate those normally found in vivo. Antibody blocking of KL binding to c-kit, T-cell depletion and sorting experiments suggest that the action of KL is mediated at least in part by a direct effect on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. KL's enhancement of the MLR also requires the binding of IL-2 to its high-affinity IL-2 receptor. Given the abundance of KL normally found in human serum, these data suggest that this cytokine may have a role during T-cell activation in vivo.


Assuntos
Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Fator de Células-Tronco/farmacologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Animais , Replicação do DNA , Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Imunidade Celular , Interleucina-2/fisiologia , Isoantígenos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Camundongos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/biossíntese , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/classificação , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , Receptores de Interleucina-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Interleucina-2/fisiologia , Fator de Células-Tronco/biossíntese , Fator de Células-Tronco/genética , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismo
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